
Jest is a powerful JavaScript testing framework designed for simplicity and performance. Stark.ai offers a curated collection of Jest interview questions, real-world scenarios, and expert guidance to help you excel in your next technical interview.
Different configurations through: 1) Multiple jest.config.js files, 2) Using --config flag, 3) Environment-specific...
Custom matchers: 1) Created using expect.extend(), 2) Define matcher function with pass/message, 3) Can access...
Environment variables handled through: 1) process.env in tests, 2) .env files with jest-environment, 3) setupFiles...
Organization best practices: 1) Group related tests in describe blocks, 2) Use clear test descriptions, 3) Follow...
Timeout handling: 1) Global timeout in jest.config.js, 2) Individual test timeouts using jest.setTimeout(), 3)...
Common CLI options: 1) --watch for watch mode, 2) --coverage for coverage reports, 3) --verbose for detailed output,...
Test fixtures implementation: 1) Using beforeEach for setup, 2) Shared test data files, 3) Factory functions for...
Mock functions provide: 1) Call tracking, 2) Return value specification, 3) Implementation replacement, 4) Behavior...
Test retry handling: 1) Configure retry attempts, 2) Implement retry logic, 3) Handle async retry scenarios, 4) Log...
Test contexts provide: 1) Shared state within describe blocks, 2) Setup/teardown management, 3) Data sharing between...
Partial mocking involves: 1) Using jest.mock() with partial implementations, 2) requireActual() for original...
Mock implementations: 1) Set using mockImplementation(), 2) Define custom behavior, 3) Can access call arguments, 4)...
Timer mocking uses: 1) jest.useFakeTimers(), 2) jest.advanceTimersByTime(), 3) jest.runAllTimers(), 4)...
HTTP request mocking: 1) Mock fetch/axios globally, 2) Use jest.mock() for HTTP clients, 3) Implement custom...
Complex sequences using: 1) mockReturnValueOnce() chain, 2) mockImplementation with state, 3) Array of return...
Limitations include: 1) Hoisting requirements, 2) ES6 module constraints, 3) Dynamic import challenges, 4) Circular...
Native object mocking: 1) Use jest.spyOn on prototype, 2) Mock specific methods, 3) Restore original behavior, 4)...
Mock contexts provide: 1) Custom this binding, 2) Shared state between calls, 3) Instance method simulation, 4)...
Mock cleanup involves: 1) Using mockReset(), 2) mockRestore() for spies, 3) Cleanup in afterEach, 4) Handling...
Mock factories: 1) Create reusable mock configurations, 2) Generate consistent test doubles, 3) Support...
Custom matchers created using: 1) expect.extend(), 2) Matcher function with pass/message, 3) this.isNot for...
Asymmetric matchers: 1) Allow partial matching, 2) Include expect.any(), expect.arrayContaining(), 3) Used in...
Snapshot testing uses: 1) toMatchSnapshot() matcher, 2) toMatchInlineSnapshot(), 3) Serializer customization, 4)...
Message best practices: 1) Clear failure descriptions, 2) Context-specific details, 3) Expected vs actual values, 4)...
DOM assertions use: 1) toBeInTheDocument(), 2) toHaveTextContent(), 3) toHaveAttribute(), 4) toBeVisible(), 5)...
Partial matching uses: 1) objectContaining(), 2) arrayContaining(), 3) stringContaining(), 4) stringMatching(), 5)...
Complex comparisons use: 1) Deep equality checks, 2) Custom matchers, 3) Partial matching, 4) Property path...
Timeout handling includes: 1) Setting timeout duration, 2) Async assertion timing, 3) Custom timeout messages, 4)...
Function call testing uses: 1) toHaveBeenCalled(), 2) toHaveBeenCalledWith(), 3) toHaveBeenCalledTimes(), 4)...
Compound assertions: 1) Chain multiple expectations, 2) Combine matchers logically, 3) Use and/or operators, 4)...
TypeScript configuration includes: 1) Installing ts-jest, 2) Configuring transform with ts-jest, 3) Setting up...
Platform configuration involves: 1) Environment-specific configs, 2) Conditional setup logic, 3) Platform-specific...
Reporter configuration includes: 1) Custom reporter implementation, 2) Reporter options setup, 3) Multiple reporter...
Test data configuration: 1) Fixture setup locations, 2) Data loading strategies, 3) Cleanup mechanisms, 4) Data...
Snapshot configuration: 1) snapshotSerializers setup, 2) Snapshot directory location, 3) Update and retention...
Parallelization config includes: 1) maxWorkers setting, 2) Worker pool configuration, 3) Test file distribution, 4)...
Custom matcher configuration: 1) Matcher implementation, 2) Global matcher registration, 3) TypeScript definitions,...
Test filtering config: 1) testNamePattern settings, 2) Test file patterns, 3) Tag-based filtering, 4) Run group...
Retry configuration: 1) jest-retry setup, 2) Retry attempts settings, 3) Retry delay configuration, 4) Failure...
Isolation configuration: 1) Test environment isolation, 2) State reset mechanisms, 3) Module isolation, 4) Database...
Async testing includes: 1) Using findBy* queries, 2) Waiting for element changes, 3) Testing loading states, 4)...
Context testing involves: 1) Wrapping components in providers, 2) Testing context updates, 3) Testing consumer...
Redux integration testing: 1) Providing store wrapper, 2) Testing connected components, 3) Dispatching actions, 4)...
Router testing includes: 1) MemoryRouter setup, 2) Route rendering verification, 3) Navigation testing, 4) Route...
Dependencies testing: 1) Mocking external hooks, 2) Testing dependency interactions, 3) Testing error cases, 4)...
Error boundary testing: 1) Error simulation, 2) Fallback rendering, 3) Error recovery, 4) Props passing through...
Performance testing: 1) Render timing measurement, 2) Re-render optimization verification, 3) Memory leak detection,...
Composition testing: 1) Testing component hierarchies, 2) Props drilling verification, 3) Component interaction...
Side effect testing: 1) useEffect testing, 2) Cleanup verification, 3) External interaction testing, 4) Timing...
Lifecycle testing: 1) Mount behavior testing, 2) Update verification, 3) Unmount cleanup testing, 4) State...
Component communication testing: 1) Test props passing, 2) Verify event handling, 3) Test context updates, 4) Check...
Microservice testing: 1) Test service discovery, 2) Verify service communication, 3) Test failure scenarios, 4)...
Data flow testing: 1) Verify data passing, 2) Test state updates, 3) Check data transformations, 4) Test data...
External service testing: 1) Test API contracts, 2) Handle authentication, 3) Test error scenarios, 4) Verify data...
Error handling testing: 1) Test error propagation, 2) Verify error recovery, 3) Test error boundaries, 4) Check...
Authentication testing: 1) Test login flows, 2) Verify token handling, 3) Test permission checks, 4) Check session...
State management testing: 1) Test store interactions, 2) Verify state updates, 3) Test state synchronization, 4)...
Cache testing: 1) Test cache operations, 2) Verify cache invalidation, 3) Test cache consistency, 4) Check cache...
Queue testing: 1) Test message publishing, 2) Verify message consumption, 3) Test queue operations, 4) Check message...
File system testing: 1) Test file operations, 2) Verify file permissions, 3) Test file streams, 4) Check file...
Benchmark implementation: 1) Define performance baselines, 2) Create benchmark suites, 3) Measure key metrics, 4)...
Rendering performance: 1) Measure render times, 2) Track re-renders, 3) Monitor DOM updates, 4) Test large datasets,...
Resource testing: 1) Monitor CPU usage, 2) Track memory consumption, 3) Measure I/O operations, 4) Test concurrent...
Network testing: 1) Measure request latency, 2) Test concurrent requests, 3) Simulate network conditions, 4) Monitor...
Test profiling: 1) Use Node.js profiler, 2) Implement custom profilers, 3) Track execution paths, 4) Measure...
Data processing: 1) Test large datasets, 2) Measure processing speed, 3) Monitor memory usage, 4) Test batch...
Memory leak testing: 1) Track object retention, 2) Monitor heap growth, 3) Test long-running operations, 4)...
Cache performance: 1) Measure hit rates, 2) Test cache efficiency, 3) Monitor cache size, 4) Test eviction policies,...
Database testing: 1) Measure query performance, 2) Test connection pooling, 3) Monitor transaction speed, 4) Test...
I/O performance: 1) Measure read/write speeds, 2) Test concurrent operations, 3) Monitor file system usage, 4) Test...
Async test structure: 1) Use async/await consistently, 2) Handle promises properly, 3) Set appropriate timeouts, 4)...
Complex component patterns: 1) Break down into smaller test cases, 2) Test component integration, 3) Verify state...
Integration test organization: 1) Group related scenarios, 2) Test component interactions, 3) Verify system...
Snapshot practices: 1) Keep snapshots focused, 2) Review snapshot changes carefully, 3) Update snapshots...
Coverage management: 1) Set realistic coverage goals, 2) Focus on critical paths, 3) Don't chase 100% blindly, 4)...
Hook testing patterns: 1) Test hook behavior, 2) Verify state changes, 3) Test effect cleanup, 4) Check dependency...
Performance optimization: 1) Minimize test setup, 2) Use efficient assertions, 3) Optimize mock usage, 4) Implement...
Utility testing practices: 1) Test pure functions thoroughly, 2) Cover edge cases, 3) Test input validation, 4)...
Test double management: 1) Use appropriate double types, 2) Maintain double fidelity, 3) Clean up doubles after use,...
State management patterns: 1) Test state transitions, 2) Verify state updates, 3) Test state synchronization, 4)...
Different configurations through: 1) Multiple jest.config.js files, 2) Using --config flag, 3) Environment-specific configs, 4) Test setup files, 5) Custom test environments. Example: separating unit and integration test configs.
Custom matchers: 1) Created using expect.extend(), 2) Define matcher function with pass/message, 3) Can access expect context, 4) Support async matchers, 5) Can be shared across tests. Example: expect.extend({ toBeWithinRange(received, floor, ceiling) { ... } }).
Environment variables handled through: 1) process.env in tests, 2) .env files with jest-environment, 3) setupFiles configuration, 4) CLI arguments, 5) Custom environment setup. Consider security and isolation of test environments.
Organization best practices: 1) Group related tests in describe blocks, 2) Use clear test descriptions, 3) Follow naming conventions (.test.js/.spec.js), 4) Organize test files alongside source code, 5) Separate unit and integration tests.
Timeout handling: 1) Global timeout in jest.config.js, 2) Individual test timeouts using jest.setTimeout(), 3) Timeout option in test blocks, 4) Async test timeout handling, 5) Custom timeout messages. Default timeout is 5 seconds.
Common CLI options: 1) --watch for watch mode, 2) --coverage for coverage reports, 3) --verbose for detailed output, 4) --runInBand for sequential execution, 5) --testNamePattern for filtering tests. Can be configured in package.json scripts.
Test fixtures implementation: 1) Using beforeEach for setup, 2) Shared test data files, 3) Factory functions for test data, 4) Fixture cleanup in afterEach, 5) Module-level fixture definitions. Helps maintain consistent test data.
Mock functions provide: 1) Call tracking, 2) Return value specification, 3) Implementation replacement, 4) Behavior verification, 5) Async mock support. Example: const mock = jest.fn().mockReturnValue(value).
Test retry handling: 1) Configure retry attempts, 2) Implement retry logic, 3) Handle async retry scenarios, 4) Log retry attempts, 5) Analyze flaky test patterns. Use jest-retry for automated retries.
Test contexts provide: 1) Shared state within describe blocks, 2) Setup/teardown management, 3) Data sharing between tests, 4) Context-specific configurations, 5) Isolated test environments. Used through beforeAll/beforeEach hooks.
Partial mocking involves: 1) Using jest.mock() with partial implementations, 2) requireActual() for original methods, 3) Mixing real and mocked exports, 4) Careful management of module state, 5) Clear documentation of mixed implementation. Example: jest.mock('./module', () => ({ ...jest.requireActual('./module'), specificMethod: jest.fn() }));
Mock implementations: 1) Set using mockImplementation(), 2) Define custom behavior, 3) Can access call arguments, 4) Support async operations, 5) Can be changed between tests. Example: mock.mockImplementation((arg) => arg * 2);
Timer mocking uses: 1) jest.useFakeTimers(), 2) jest.advanceTimersByTime(), 3) jest.runAllTimers(), 4) jest.runOnlyPendingTimers(), 5) jest.clearAllTimers(). Helps test setTimeout, setInterval, etc. Example: jest.useFakeTimers(); jest.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
HTTP request mocking: 1) Mock fetch/axios globally, 2) Use jest.mock() for HTTP clients, 3) Implement custom response handling, 4) Mock different response scenarios, 5) Handle async behavior properly. Consider using libraries like jest-fetch-mock.
Complex sequences using: 1) mockReturnValueOnce() chain, 2) mockImplementation with state, 3) Array of return values, 4) Conditional return logic, 5) Mock result queues. Example: mock.mockReturnValueOnce(1).mockReturnValueOnce(2).mockReturnValue(3);
Limitations include: 1) Hoisting requirements, 2) ES6 module constraints, 3) Dynamic import challenges, 4) Circular dependency issues, 5) Reset complexities. Understanding helps avoid common pitfalls and design better tests.
Native object mocking: 1) Use jest.spyOn on prototype, 2) Mock specific methods, 3) Restore original behavior, 4) Handle inheritance chain, 5) Consider side effects. Example: jest.spyOn(console, 'log').mockImplementation();
Mock contexts provide: 1) Custom this binding, 2) Shared state between calls, 3) Instance method simulation, 4) Constructor behavior, 5) Method chaining support. Used for complex object mocking scenarios.
Mock cleanup involves: 1) Using mockReset(), 2) mockRestore() for spies, 3) Cleanup in afterEach, 4) Handling partial restorations, 5) Managing global mocks. Ensures test isolation and prevents side effects.
Mock factories: 1) Create reusable mock configurations, 2) Generate consistent test doubles, 3) Support parameterization, 4) Enable mock composition, 5) Facilitate maintenance. Example: const createMock = (config) => jest.fn().mockImplementation(config);
Custom matchers created using: 1) expect.extend(), 2) Matcher function with pass/message, 3) this.isNot for negation, 4) Async matcher support, 5) Custom error messages. Example: expect.extend({ customMatcher(received, expected) { return { pass: condition, message: () => message }; } });
Asymmetric matchers: 1) Allow partial matching, 2) Include expect.any(), expect.arrayContaining(), 3) Used in object/array comparisons, 4) Support custom implementations, 5) Useful for flexible assertions. Example: expect({ prop: 'value' }).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ prop: expect.any(String) }));
Snapshot testing uses: 1) toMatchSnapshot() matcher, 2) toMatchInlineSnapshot(), 3) Serializer customization, 4) Dynamic snapshot content, 5) Snapshot update flow. Example: expect(component).toMatchSnapshot();
Message best practices: 1) Clear failure descriptions, 2) Context-specific details, 3) Expected vs actual values, 4) Custom matcher messages, 5) Error hint inclusion. Helps with test debugging and maintenance.
DOM assertions use: 1) toBeInTheDocument(), 2) toHaveTextContent(), 3) toHaveAttribute(), 4) toBeVisible(), 5) toBeDisabled(). Often used with @testing-library/jest-dom matchers.
Partial matching uses: 1) objectContaining(), 2) arrayContaining(), 3) stringContaining(), 4) stringMatching(), 5) Custom matchers for specific cases. Example: expect(object).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ key: value }));
Complex comparisons use: 1) Deep equality checks, 2) Custom matchers, 3) Partial matching, 4) Property path assertions, 5) Nested object validation. Consider performance and maintainability.
Timeout handling includes: 1) Setting timeout duration, 2) Async assertion timing, 3) Custom timeout messages, 4) Retry mechanisms, 5) Polling assertions. Important for async testing scenarios.
Function call testing uses: 1) toHaveBeenCalled(), 2) toHaveBeenCalledWith(), 3) toHaveBeenCalledTimes(), 4) toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(), 5) Call argument inspection. Used with mock functions and spies.
Compound assertions: 1) Chain multiple expectations, 2) Combine matchers logically, 3) Use and/or operators, 4) Group related assertions, 5) Complex condition testing. Example: expect(value).toBeDefined().and.toBeTruthy();
TypeScript configuration includes: 1) Installing ts-jest, 2) Configuring transform with ts-jest, 3) Setting up tsconfig.json, 4) Configuring type checking, 5) Handling TypeScript paths and aliases.
Platform configuration involves: 1) Environment-specific configs, 2) Conditional setup logic, 3) Platform-specific mocks, 4) Environment detection, 5) Platform-specific test runners.
Reporter configuration includes: 1) Custom reporter implementation, 2) Reporter options setup, 3) Multiple reporter configuration, 4) Output formatting, 5) Integration with CI/CD systems.
Test data configuration: 1) Fixture setup locations, 2) Data loading strategies, 3) Cleanup mechanisms, 4) Data isolation approaches, 5) Shared test data management.
Snapshot configuration: 1) snapshotSerializers setup, 2) Snapshot directory location, 3) Update and retention policies, 4) Custom serializers, 5) Snapshot format options.
Parallelization config includes: 1) maxWorkers setting, 2) Worker pool configuration, 3) Test file distribution, 4) Resource allocation, 5) Parallel run coordination.
Custom matcher configuration: 1) Matcher implementation, 2) Global matcher registration, 3) TypeScript definitions, 4) Matcher error messages, 5) Matcher documentation.
Test filtering config: 1) testNamePattern settings, 2) Test file patterns, 3) Tag-based filtering, 4) Run group configuration, 5) Conditional test execution.
Retry configuration: 1) jest-retry setup, 2) Retry attempts settings, 3) Retry delay configuration, 4) Failure conditions, 5) Retry reporting options.
Isolation configuration: 1) Test environment isolation, 2) State reset mechanisms, 3) Module isolation, 4) Database isolation, 5) Resource cleanup strategies.
Async testing includes: 1) Using findBy* queries, 2) Waiting for element changes, 3) Testing loading states, 4) Error state testing, 5) Data fetching verification. Example: await findByText('loaded content');
Context testing involves: 1) Wrapping components in providers, 2) Testing context updates, 3) Testing consumer behavior, 4) Multiple context interaction, 5) Context state changes.
Redux integration testing: 1) Providing store wrapper, 2) Testing connected components, 3) Dispatching actions, 4) Testing state updates, 5) Testing selectors. Use proper store setup.
Router testing includes: 1) MemoryRouter setup, 2) Route rendering verification, 3) Navigation testing, 4) Route parameter testing, 5) Route protection testing. Consider router context.
Dependencies testing: 1) Mocking external hooks, 2) Testing dependency interactions, 3) Testing error cases, 4) Testing cleanup, 5) Testing hook composition. Use proper isolation.
Error boundary testing: 1) Error simulation, 2) Fallback rendering, 3) Error recovery, 4) Props passing through boundaries, 5) Nested error boundaries. Test error handling.
Performance testing: 1) Render timing measurement, 2) Re-render optimization verification, 3) Memory leak detection, 4) React profiler integration, 5) Performance regression testing.
Composition testing: 1) Testing component hierarchies, 2) Props drilling verification, 3) Component interaction testing, 4) Render prop testing, 5) HOC testing. Test component relationships.
Side effect testing: 1) useEffect testing, 2) Cleanup verification, 3) External interaction testing, 4) Timing dependencies, 5) Side effect ordering. Consider effect dependencies.
Lifecycle testing: 1) Mount behavior testing, 2) Update verification, 3) Unmount cleanup testing, 4) State persistence, 5) Effect timing. Test component phases.
Component communication testing: 1) Test props passing, 2) Verify event handling, 3) Test context updates, 4) Check state propagation, 5) Test component lifecycles. Focus on interaction points.
Microservice testing: 1) Test service discovery, 2) Verify service communication, 3) Test failure scenarios, 4) Check service dependencies, 5) Test service scaling. Consider distributed nature.
Data flow testing: 1) Verify data passing, 2) Test state updates, 3) Check data transformations, 4) Test data validation, 5) Verify data consistency. Focus on data integrity.
External service testing: 1) Test API contracts, 2) Handle authentication, 3) Test error scenarios, 4) Verify data formats, 5) Test service availability. Consider service stability.
Error handling testing: 1) Test error propagation, 2) Verify error recovery, 3) Test error boundaries, 4) Check error logging, 5) Test error state management. Important for reliability.
Authentication testing: 1) Test login flows, 2) Verify token handling, 3) Test permission checks, 4) Check session management, 5) Test authentication errors. Critical for security.
State management testing: 1) Test store interactions, 2) Verify state updates, 3) Test state synchronization, 4) Check state persistence, 5) Test state cleanup. Focus on data flow.
Cache testing: 1) Test cache operations, 2) Verify cache invalidation, 3) Test cache consistency, 4) Check cache performance, 5) Test cache failures. Important for performance.
Queue testing: 1) Test message publishing, 2) Verify message consumption, 3) Test queue operations, 4) Check message ordering, 5) Test queue errors. Focus on reliability.
File system testing: 1) Test file operations, 2) Verify file permissions, 3) Test file streams, 4) Check file cleanup, 5) Test file locks. Consider system interactions.
Benchmark implementation: 1) Define performance baselines, 2) Create benchmark suites, 3) Measure key metrics, 4) Compare against standards, 5) Track performance trends.
Rendering performance: 1) Measure render times, 2) Track re-renders, 3) Monitor DOM updates, 4) Test large datasets, 5) Profile component lifecycle.
Resource testing: 1) Monitor CPU usage, 2) Track memory consumption, 3) Measure I/O operations, 4) Test concurrent processing, 5) Implement resource limits.
Network testing: 1) Measure request latency, 2) Test concurrent requests, 3) Simulate network conditions, 4) Monitor bandwidth usage, 5) Test connection pooling.
Test profiling: 1) Use Node.js profiler, 2) Implement custom profilers, 3) Track execution paths, 4) Measure function calls, 5) Analyze bottlenecks.
Data processing: 1) Test large datasets, 2) Measure processing speed, 3) Monitor memory usage, 4) Test batch processing, 5) Benchmark algorithms.
Memory leak testing: 1) Track object retention, 2) Monitor heap growth, 3) Test long-running operations, 4) Implement cleanup verification, 5) Use memory profiling tools.
Cache performance: 1) Measure hit rates, 2) Test cache efficiency, 3) Monitor cache size, 4) Test eviction policies, 5) Benchmark cache operations.
Database testing: 1) Measure query performance, 2) Test connection pooling, 3) Monitor transaction speed, 4) Test concurrent access, 5) Benchmark CRUD operations.
I/O performance: 1) Measure read/write speeds, 2) Test concurrent operations, 3) Monitor file system usage, 4) Test streaming performance, 5) Benchmark file operations.
Async test structure: 1) Use async/await consistently, 2) Handle promises properly, 3) Set appropriate timeouts, 4) Test both success and failure cases, 5) Verify async state changes.
Complex component patterns: 1) Break down into smaller test cases, 2) Test component integration, 3) Verify state management, 4) Test edge cases, 5) Maintain test isolation.
Integration test organization: 1) Group related scenarios, 2) Test component interactions, 3) Verify system integration, 4) Maintain clear test boundaries, 5) Focus on integration points.
Snapshot practices: 1) Keep snapshots focused, 2) Review snapshot changes carefully, 3) Update snapshots intentionally, 4) Maintain snapshot readability, 5) Use inline snapshots when appropriate.
Coverage management: 1) Set realistic coverage goals, 2) Focus on critical paths, 3) Don't chase 100% blindly, 4) Monitor coverage trends, 5) Use coverage reports effectively.
Hook testing patterns: 1) Test hook behavior, 2) Verify state changes, 3) Test effect cleanup, 4) Check dependency updates, 5) Test error cases. Use @testing-library/react-hooks.
Performance optimization: 1) Minimize test setup, 2) Use efficient assertions, 3) Optimize mock usage, 4) Implement proper test isolation, 5) Use test parallelization effectively.
Utility testing practices: 1) Test pure functions thoroughly, 2) Cover edge cases, 3) Test input validation, 4) Verify error handling, 5) Maintain function independence.
Test double management: 1) Use appropriate double types, 2) Maintain double fidelity, 3) Clean up doubles after use, 4) Document double behavior, 5) Verify double interactions.
State management patterns: 1) Test state transitions, 2) Verify state updates, 3) Test state synchronization, 4) Check state persistence, 5) Test state cleanup.
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